О ДЕМОКРАТИИ.

Частный предприниматель (sole proprietorship) в США – физическое лицо, которое не владеет не инкорпорированным предприятием.

 

Однако «золотой век» продолжался сравнительно недолго. Благополучие афинских граждан базировалось не только на эксплуатации рабов, но и на эксплуатации населения союзных городов, которые порождали постоянные конфликты внутри Афинской архе. Конфликты эти усугублялись безудержным стремлением Афин к расширению сферы своего политического и экономического господства, что привело к столкновениям с другими группировками греческих полисов, в которых преимущество имели олигархические порядки — Пелопоннесским союзом, возглавляемым Спартой.

 

stas27>>...

Steven Paul Jobs was born to Abdulfattah Jandali and Joanne Schieble, and was adopted by Paul Jobs and Clara Hagopian.[2]

His biological father, Abdulfattah "John" (al-)Jandali (Arabic: عبد الفتاح الجندلي) (b. 1931), grew up in Homs, Syria, and was born into an Arab Muslim household.[3] Jandali is the son of a self-made millionaire who did not go to college and a mother who was a traditional housewife.[3] While an undergraduate at the American University of Beirut, Lebanon, he was a student activist and spent time in jail for his political activities.[3] Although Jandali initially wanted to study law, he eventually decided to study economics and political science.[3] He pursued a PhD in the latter subject at the University of Wisconsin, where he met Joanne Carole Schieble (b. 1932), a Catholic of Swiss and German descent, who grew up on a farm in Wisconsin.[3][4][page needed][5] As a doctoral candidate, Jandali was a teaching assistant for a course Schieble was taking, although both were the same age.[6] Mona Simpson, Jobs's biological sister, notes that her maternal grandparents were not happy that their daughter was dating Jandali: "it wasn't that he was Middle-Eastern so much as that he was a Muslim. But there are a lot of Arabs in Michigan and Wisconsin. So it's not that unusual."[6] Walter Isaacson, Steve Jobs's official biographer, additionally states that Schieble's father "threatened to cut Joanne off completely" if she continued the relationship.[4][page needed]

Jobs's adoptive father, Paul Reinhold Jobs (1922–1993), grew up in a Calvinist household,[7][page needed] the son of an "alcoholic and sometimes abusive" father.[4][page needed] The family lived on a farm in Germantown, Wisconsin.[4][page needed][7][page needed] Paul bore an ostensible resemblance to James Dean; he had tattoos, dropped out of high school, and traveled around the Midwest for several years during the 1930s looking for work.[4][page needed][7][page needed] He eventually joined the United States Coast Guard as an engine-room machinist.[7][page needed] After World War II, Paul Jobs decided to leave the Coast Guard when his ship docked in San Francisco.[7][page needed] He made a bet that he would find his wife in San Francisco and promptly went on a blind date with Clara Hagopian (1924–1986). They were engaged ten days later and married in 1946.[4][page needed] Clara, the daughter of Armenian immigrants, grew up in San Francisco and had been married before, but her husband had been killed in the war. After a series of moves, Paul and Clara settled in San Francisco's Sunset District in 1952.[4][page needed] As a hobby, Paul Jobs rebuilt cars, but his career was as a "repo man", which suited his "aggressive, tough personality."[7][page needed] Meanwhile, their attempts to start a family were halted after Clara had an ectopic pregnancy, leading them to consider adoption in 1955.[4][page needed]